Treatment for emphysema includes bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and antibiotics; the specific medication should be chosen under the guidance of a doctor based on the patient's condition. Emphysema is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease primarily caused by long-term smoking, air pollution, or genetic factors, leading to alveolar wall destruction, decreased lung elasticity, and impaired gas exchange. The goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms and slow disease progression.
1. Bronchodilators are the first-line drugs for treating emphysema, as they relax bronchial smooth muscle and improve dyspnea. Commonly used drugs include short-acting β2-receptor agonists such as salbutamol, long-acting β2-receptor agonists such as formoterol, and anticholinergic drugs such as tiotropium bromide. Short-acting drugs are used to quickly relieve symptoms during acute exacerbations, while long-acting drugs are used for daily maintenance therapy.
2. Glucocorticoids are suitable for patients with emphysema complicated by airway inflammation, as they can reduce the inflammatory response and improve lung function. Commonly used drugs include inhaled glucocorticoids such as budesonide and oral glucocorticoids such as prednisone. Inhaled drugs have fewer side effects and are suitable for long-term use; oral drugs are mainly used for acute exacerbations.
3. Antibiotics are used when emphysema is complicated by bacterial infection to control the infection and prevent the condition from worsening. Commonly used drugs include amoxicillin, cephalosporins, and quinolones. The use of antibiotics should be selected based on the type of pathogen and drug sensitivity to avoid overuse.
Patients with emphysema need long-term, regular medication, periodic lung function tests, and adjustments to their treatment plan. Quitting smoking, avoiding air pollutants, strengthening nutritional support, and engaging in moderate exercise are also important measures for controlling the disease. Through comprehensive treatment, symptoms can be effectively relieved, quality of life improved, and disease progression slowed.