The main symptoms of optic neuritis include decreased vision, eye pain, and visual field defects. Timely medical attention and treatment with hormones, immunotherapy, and nutritional support are key to symptom relief. Optic neuritis is an inflammatory disease of the optic nerve, commonly seen in patients with multiple sclerosis, but can also be caused by infections, autoimmune diseases, or medications.
1. Decreased vision is the most typical symptom of optic neuritis. Patients will experience blurred vision or partial loss of visual field, which may lead to blindness in one or both eyes in severe cases. This vision loss usually occurs rapidly within hours or days and may be accompanied by color vision abnormalities, especially a decreased ability to distinguish red and green.
2. Eye pain is another common symptom of optic neuritis, especially when the eye moves. This pain is usually located at the back of the eye socket and may be accompanied by periorbital tenderness or headache. The degree of pain varies from person to person; some patients may only experience mild discomfort, while others may experience severe pain.
3. Visual field defects manifest as blind spots or a narrowed visual field. Patients may experience blurred vision or complete blindness in certain areas when looking at objects. Visual field defects can take various forms, including central, paracentral, or peripheral, depending on the location of the optic nerve damage.
4. Hormone therapy is the main treatment for optic neuritis, usually involving intravenous injection of high-dose glucocorticoids, such as methylprednisolone, to reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms. Hormone therapy should be carried out under the guidance of a doctor, and attention should be paid to possible side effects, such as elevated blood sugar and osteoporosis.
5. Immunotherapy is suitable for recurrent optic neuritis or optic neuritis associated with multiple sclerosis. Commonly used drugs include interferon beta and immunosuppressants such as azathioprine and cyclophosphamide. The goal of immunotherapy is to modulate the immune system, reduce inflammation, and decrease the risk of relapse.
6. Nutritional support is crucial for the recovery of optic neuritis. Patients should increase their intake of foods rich in B vitamins, vitamin E, and Omega-3 fatty acids, such as whole grains, nuts, fish, and leafy green vegetables. These nutrients help repair nerves and protect optic nerve function.
Symptoms and treatments for optic neuritis vary from person to person. Patients should undergo individualized treatment under the guidance of a doctor and have regular check-ups to monitor disease progression and adjust the treatment plan. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are key to improving vision and preventing recurrence.