The effectiveness of treatment for optic neuritis varies from person to person, and it typically takes several weeks to months to see results, depending on the severity of the condition and the treatment plan. Optic neuritis is an inflammatory disease of the optic nerve, and common causes include multiple sclerosis, infection, and autoimmune diseases. Treatment options include medication, immunotherapy, and rehabilitation exercises.
1. Drug therapy is the first-line treatment for optic neuritis. Glucocorticoids such as methylprednisolone can rapidly reduce inflammation; the usual dose is 500-1000 mg intravenously daily for 3-5 days, followed by oral prednisone with gradual dose reduction. Immunosuppressants such as cyclophosphamide or azathioprine can be used for relapsed or refractory cases, requiring regular monitoring of blood counts and liver and kidney function. Neurotrophic drugs such as vitamins B1, B12, and coenzyme Q10 help promote optic nerve repair and usually require long-term use.
2. Immunotherapy is suitable for optic neuritis associated with multiple sclerosis. Interferon beta-1a and beta-1b can reduce the risk of relapse and are administered subcutaneously three times a week. Monoclonal antibodies such as natezumab are effective for severe cases and are administered intravenously once a month. Plasma exchange therapy can remove abnormal antibodies from the body and is usually performed 5-7 times, with each session spaced 1-2 days apart.
3. Rehabilitation training plays a vital role in improving visual function. Visual training includes eye movement exercises, fixation training, and visual tracking, performed for 20-30 minutes daily. Physical therapy, such as low-frequency electrical stimulation and magnetic therapy, can promote optic nerve regeneration, administered 2-3 times per week for 4-6 weeks. Psychological counseling helps alleviate anxiety and depression, and can be achieved through cognitive behavioral therapy or relaxation training.
Treatment for optic neuritis requires an individualized approach. Patients should have regular checkups of their visual acuity and visual field to adjust treatment strategies as needed. With consistent, standardized treatment and rehabilitation training, most patients can experience significant improvement within 3-6 months. If symptoms continue to worsen or other neurological manifestations appear, immediate medical attention is necessary for further examination.