Symptoms of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis include shortness of breath, dry cough, and fatigue. Treatment requires a combination of medication, oxygen therapy, and pulmonary rehabilitation. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive lung disease of unknown cause, primarily characterized by gradual fibrosis of lung tissue, leading to a decline in lung function. Shortness of breath is the most common symptom, especially worsening with activity, but may also occur at rest as the disease progresses. A dry cough is usually without sputum and may be accompanied by chest pain or discomfort. Fatigue is due to a decreased capacity for oxygen exchange in the lungs, resulting in insufficient oxygen supply to the whole body.
1. Dyspnea is the main symptom of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Patients often experience shortness of breath, especially during activity. As the disease progresses, dyspnea may also occur at rest. In terms of treatment, oxygen therapy is an effective way to relieve dyspnea by increasing the concentration of inhaled oxygen and improving blood oxygen levels. Pulmonary rehabilitation training also helps improve lung function, including respiratory muscle exercises and aerobic exercise.
2. Dry cough is another common symptom of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. It is usually without sputum and may be accompanied by chest pain or discomfort. Dry cough may be related to irritation caused by pulmonary fibrosis. In drug treatment, antifibrotic drugs such as pirfenidone and nintedanib can slow disease progression and reduce the frequency of coughing. Antitussive drugs such as dextromethorphan can also be used to relieve cough symptoms.
3. Fatigue is caused by a decrease in the lungs' oxygen exchange capacity, leading to insufficient oxygen supply throughout the body. Patients often feel tired, affecting their daily lives. In treatment, in addition to oxygen therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation, nutritional support is also important. A high-protein diet and foods rich in vitamins help enhance physical strength and improve fatigue symptoms. Moderate exercise such as walking and yoga can also improve overall physical fitness.
Symptoms of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis need to be identified and treated promptly. Symptoms can be effectively relieved and quality of life improved through medication, oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, and nutritional support. Patients should have regular follow-up appointments to monitor changes in their condition and adjust their treatment plan accordingly.