Treatment for proteinuria depends on the underlying cause, and may involve medication, surgery, or lifestyle modifications. Common causes include kidney disease, diabetes, and hypertension. Proteinuria is the presence of excessive protein in the urine and may indicate abnormal kidney function or other health problems. Kidney diseases such as glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and chronic kidney failure are common causes of proteinuria. Diabetes and hypertension can also damage the kidneys, leading to proteinuria. Physiological proteinuria may be caused by strenuous exercise, fever, or pregnancy and usually does not require specific treatment.
1. Kidney Diseases: Glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and chronic renal failure are the main causes of proteinuria. Glomerulonephritis leads to impaired glomerular filtration function, causing protein to leak into the urine. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia. Chronic renal failure is the end-stage manifestation of progressive kidney function loss, and proteinuria is one of its common symptoms. Treatment includes the use of immunosuppressants such as cyclophosphamide, hormones such as prednisone, and medications to control blood pressure such as ACE inhibitors.
2. Diabetes: Long-term high blood sugar can damage the glomerular filtration membrane, leading to proteinuria. Diabetic patients should strictly control their blood sugar, using hypoglycemic drugs such as metformin and insulin, and regularly monitor their kidney function. Hypertension: High blood pressure accelerates kidney damage and increases the risk of proteinuria. Controlling blood pressure is crucial; commonly used medications include calcium channel blockers such as amlodipine and diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide.
3. Physiological proteinuria: Strenuous exercise, fever, or pregnancy may cause temporary proteinuria, which usually does not require specific treatment. It is recommended to avoid excessive exercise, get plenty of rest, and have regular urinalysis checkups. Dietary adjustments: Reduce salt intake, avoid high-protein diets, and increase foods rich in vitamins and fiber, such as vegetables and fruits. Moderate exercise: Choose low-intensity exercises such as walking and yoga, and avoid strenuous exercise.
Treatment for proteinuria should be tailored to the specific cause, and early detection and intervention can help improve prognosis. Regular checkups, managing underlying diseases, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle are key to preventing proteinuria. If persistent proteinuria occurs, prompt medical attention for a comprehensive examination and treatment is necessary.