Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a chronic lung disease characterized by interstitial lung inflammation and fibrosis, requiring intervention through anti-inflammatory treatment and pulmonary rehabilitation. The etiology of ILD is complex, potentially involving multiple factors such as genetics, environmental exposure, autoimmune diseases, or drug responses.
1. Genetic factors: Certain gene mutations may increase the risk of interstitial lung disease, such as familial pulmonary fibrosis. For individuals with a family history of this condition, regular lung examinations are recommended for early detection of abnormalities.
2. Environmental Exposure: Prolonged exposure to dust, chemicals, or air pollutants may lead to interstitial lung damage. Reducing exposure to harmful environments, wearing masks, or using air purifiers are effective preventative measures.
3. Autoimmune diseases: Diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus can trigger interstitial pneumonia. Controlling the inflammatory response of the primary disease and using immunosuppressants such as methotrexate or cyclophosphamide can help relieve symptoms.
4. Drug reactions: Some drugs, such as chemotherapy drugs or antibiotics, may cause interstitial lung damage. Closely monitor lung function during medication and adjust the treatment plan if necessary.
5. Treatment methods: Anti-inflammatory therapy is the core, and commonly used drugs include glucocorticoids such as prednisone, or anti-fibrotic drugs such as pirfenidone. Pulmonary rehabilitation training, such as respiratory muscle exercises and oxygen therapy, can improve lung function and enhance quality of life.
Treatment of interstitial pneumonia requires a combination of factors, including etiology and symptoms, and comprehensive management through medication, rehabilitation training, and lifestyle modifications. Early intervention is crucial for slowing disease progression.