The main causes of gout include genetic, environmental, physiological, traumatic, and pathological factors. Treatment requires a combination of medication, diet, and lifestyle adjustments. Genetic factors may lead to abnormal uric acid metabolism; environmental factors such as high-purine diets and alcohol intake increase uric acid production; physiological factors such as obesity and metabolic syndrome affect uric acid excretion; trauma and surgery may trigger acute gout attacks; and pathological factors such as kidney disease and blood disorders further aggravate elevated uric acid levels.
1. Genetic factors: Some individuals have abnormal uric acid metabolism due to gene mutations, and those with a family history of gout have a higher risk. It is recommended that individuals with a family history monitor their uric acid levels regularly and consult a doctor for preventative treatment if necessary.
2. Environmental factors: Excessive intake of high-purine foods such as red meat, seafood, and alcohol can increase uric acid production. Reduce the intake of high-purine foods and choose a low-purine diet including vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, and limit alcohol intake, especially beer.
3. Physiological factors: Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and hypertension can affect uric acid excretion. Improving metabolic function and lowering uric acid levels can be achieved by controlling weight and increasing physical activity such as brisk walking, swimming, and yoga.
4. Trauma and surgery: Trauma, surgery, or serious illness may trigger an acute gout attack. After surgery or trauma, monitor uric acid levels and use medications such as colchicine or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) if necessary to prevent attacks.
5. Pathological factors: Kidney disease, blood disorders, and certain medications such as diuretics can affect uric acid excretion. Actively treat the underlying disease, adjust medication use, and, if necessary, use uric acid-lowering drugs such as allopurinol or febuxostat.
The main causes of gout involve genetic, environmental, physiological, traumatic, and pathological factors. Treatment requires a combination of medication, dietary and lifestyle adjustments, regular monitoring of uric acid levels, active prevention and treatment of primary diseases, and effective control of gout attacks.