Common symptoms of myasthenia gravis do not include sensory abnormalities; its typical manifestations are muscle weakness and fatigue. Treatment requires a combination of medication, surgery, and lifestyle modifications. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects signal transmission at the neuromuscular junction, leading to the inability of muscles to contract normally. Symptoms usually begin in the eye muscles, manifesting as ptosis (drooping eyelids) and diplopia (double vision), and may then spread to the face, limbs, and respiratory muscles, causing difficulty chewing, swallowing, and limb weakness. Myasthenia gravis does not cause sensory abnormalities such as numbness, tingling, or pain; these symptoms may indicate other neurological disorders.
1. Drug therapy is the main treatment for myasthenia gravis. Commonly used drugs include cholinesterase inhibitors such as pyridostigmine, which can improve neuromuscular transmission; immunosuppressants such as prednisone and azathioprine, which are used to suppress abnormal immune responses; and monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab, which target specific immune cells for precise treatment.
2. Surgical treatment is suitable for patients with thymic abnormalities. Thymectomy can reduce the production of autoantibodies and improve symptoms. Surgical methods include midline sternal incision, thoracoscopic surgery, and robot-assisted surgery; the specific choice depends on the patient's condition.
3. Lifestyle adjustments are crucial for relieving symptoms and improving quality of life. Patients should avoid overexertion and arrange their rest time appropriately; their diet should include more foods rich in protein and vitamins, such as eggs, fish, and leafy green vegetables; and moderate low-intensity exercise, such as walking and yoga, can help maintain muscle function.
Treatment for myasthenia gravis requires an individualized approach. Patients should have regular follow-ups to adjust treatment strategies as needed. It's also important to identify and avoid factors that may worsen symptoms, such as infections, emotional fluctuations, and certain medications. Through comprehensive treatment and scientific management, most patients can effectively control their symptoms and maintain a normal life.