Treatment for renal insufficiency includes controlling the underlying disease, medication, and dietary management. Symptoms primarily include edema, fatigue, and abnormal urine output. Causes of renal insufficiency include chronic nephritis, diabetic nephropathy, and hypertensive nephropathy.
1. Edema. In cases of renal insufficiency, the kidneys are unable to effectively eliminate excess water from the body, leading to water retention, commonly seen in areas such as the eyelids and lower limbs. Patients can alleviate edema by restricting salt intake, using diuretics such as furosemide, and monitoring weight changes.
2. Fatigue. Decreased kidney function leads to the accumulation of toxins in the body, affecting red blood cell production and causing anemia and fatigue. Treatment includes iron supplementation, the use of erythropoietin such as epoetin, while ensuring sufficient rest and moderate exercise.
3. Abnormal urine output. Renal insufficiency may lead to decreased or increased urine output, accompanied by changes in urine color and odor. Patients should have regular urinalysis checkups and, if necessary, urine culture to rule out infection. Dietary restrictions should be placed on protein intake, choosing high-quality proteins such as eggs and fish.
4. Other symptoms. Kidney insufficiency may also cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and itchy skin. For nausea and vomiting, antiemetics such as metoclopramide can be used; for itchy skin, antihistamines such as loratadine can be used, while keeping the skin clean and moisturized.
The symptoms of renal insufficiency are diverse, and appropriate treatment measures should be taken according to the specific manifestations. At the same time, the primary disease should be controlled, renal function should be monitored regularly, and lifestyle and dietary habits should be adjusted to slow the progression of the disease and improve the quality of life.