Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a condition caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, leading to narrowing or blockage of the blood vessels, which in turn causes myocardial ischemia, hypoxia, and even necrosis. Treatment options include medication, interventional therapy, and surgery; the specific choice depends on the severity of the condition and the individual patient's circumstances. Causes of coronary artery disease include risk factors such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and obesity, which accumulate over time, leading to endothelial damage and lipid deposition.
1. Hyperlipidemia is one of the main risk factors for coronary artery disease. High levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the blood easily deposit on the blood vessel walls, forming plaques. Controlling blood lipid levels is crucial. It is recommended to improve blood lipid levels through a low-fat diet, increasing dietary fiber intake, and reducing the intake of saturated and trans fatty acids. If necessary, statins can be used for lipid-lowering treatment under the guidance of a doctor.
2. High blood pressure increases mechanical stress on blood vessel walls, leading to endothelial cell damage and promoting lipid deposition and plaque formation. Controlling blood pressure within the normal range is a crucial measure for preventing and treating coronary artery disease. It is recommended to control blood pressure through a low-salt diet, regular exercise, and weight loss; antihypertensive medication may be necessary in some cases.
3. Long-term elevated blood sugar levels in diabetic patients can damage the vascular endothelium and accelerate the process of arteriosclerosis. Strict blood sugar control is key for diabetic patients to prevent coronary artery disease. It is recommended to maintain stable blood sugar levels through dietary control, regular exercise, and the appropriate use of hypoglycemic drugs or insulin.
4. Smoking is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease. Harmful substances in tobacco damage the vascular endothelium and promote plaque formation. Quitting smoking is an important measure for preventing and treating coronary artery disease. It is recommended to use nicotine replacement therapy, psychological counseling, and other methods to help quit smoking.
5. Obesity is closely related to coronary artery disease. Excess adipose tissue secretes pro-inflammatory factors, leading to vascular inflammation and accelerating the process of arteriosclerosis. Maintaining a healthy weight is an important measure to prevent coronary artery disease. It is recommended to lose weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise.
In terms of drug treatment, commonly used medications include antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin, statins, beta-blockers, and ACEI/ARB drugs. Interventional treatment includes percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), which improves blood flow through balloon dilation or stent implantation. Surgical treatment mainly involves coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), suitable for patients with multivessel disease or left main coronary artery disease.
Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease is a chronic, progressive disease requiring long-term management and treatment. Controlling risk factors, improving lifestyle, and adhering to prescribed medication are key to prevention and treatment. Regular follow-up, monitoring disease progression, and timely adjustments to the treatment plan can effectively slow disease progression and improve quality of life.