Treatment for acute bronchitis caused by viral infections includes cough suppressants, expectorants, and antiviral drugs. The cause is often viral infection leading to inflammation of the bronchial mucosa. Acute bronchitis is caused by viral infections, with common viruses including influenza virus and rhinovirus. After the virus invades the respiratory tract, it causes inflammation of the bronchial mucosa, leading to symptoms such as cough, sputum production, and chest tightness. Cough suppressants such as dextromethorphan can relieve dry cough, expectorants such as ambroxol help thin sputum, and antiviral drugs such as oseltamivir are suitable for bronchitis caused by influenza virus. Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections unless there is a concurrent bacterial infection.
1. Cough suppressants: Dextromethorphan is a commonly used centrally acting antitussive, suitable for dry coughs without phlegm. It inhibits the cough center and reduces the frequency of coughing. Compound licorice tablets contain licorice extract, which has antitussive and expectorant effects and is suitable for mild coughs. Dextromethorphan hydrobromide syrup is suitable for children; the dosage needs to be adjusted according to age and weight.
2. Expectorants: Ambroxol promotes the expectoration of respiratory secretions and is suitable for cases where sputum is thick and difficult to cough up. Acetylcysteine breaks down mucoproteins in sputum, making it thinner and easier to cough up. Bromhexine hydrochloride tablets are suitable for acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and can improve sputum expectoration.
3. Antiviral drugs: Oseltamivir is a neuraminidase inhibitor, suitable for acute bronchitis caused by influenza virus. It is most effective when used within 48 hours of symptom onset. Ribavirin is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug suitable for various respiratory viral infections. Peramivir injection is suitable for patients with severe influenza and should be used under the guidance of a doctor.
Patients with acute bronchitis should rest, avoid getting chilled, and drink plenty of water to help thin mucus. A light diet is recommended, avoiding spicy and irritating foods. Moderate intake of fruits rich in vitamin C, such as oranges and kiwis, is beneficial. Keep indoor air humid by using a humidifier or placing a basin of water to increase humidity. If symptoms continue to worsen or high fever or difficulty breathing occurs, seek medical attention immediately. Acute bronchitis is mostly a self-limiting disease, and with proper medication and care, it usually heals within 1-2 weeks. However, the possibility of secondary bacterial infection or development into chronic bronchitis should be monitored.