Treatment for duodenal ulcers includes medication and lifestyle modifications. Common causes include Helicobacter pylori infection, long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and excessive gastric acid secretion. For Helicobacter pylori infection, triple or quadruple therapy is commonly used, including proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and antibiotics such as amoxicillin and clarithromycin. Reducing the use of NPAs or choosing alternatives such as acetaminophen can help lower the risk of ulcers. Excessive gastric acid secretion can be controlled by taking PPIs such as omeprazole and H2 receptor antagonists such as ranitidine.
1. Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the main causes of duodenal ulcers. This bacterium damages the protective layer of the gastric mucosa, leading to gastric acid eroding the duodenal wall. Treatment typically involves antibiotics combined with proton pump inhibitors, such as amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and omeprazole, for a course of 7-14 days. After eradicating Helicobacter pylori, the recurrence rate of ulcers is significantly reduced.
2. Long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin and ibuprofen can inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, weaken the gastric mucosa's defense mechanisms, and increase the risk of ulcers. For patients who need to take these medications long-term, it is recommended to use gastric mucosal protectants such as misoprostol under the guidance of a doctor, or choose medications with less gastrointestinal irritation such as acetaminophen. At the same time, avoid taking medication on an empty stomach to reduce direct irritation to the gastric mucosa.
3. Excessive gastric acid secretion is also a common cause of duodenal ulcers, possibly related to genetics, dietary habits, or stress. Medications that control gastric acid secretion include proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole and lansoprazole, and H2 receptor antagonists such as ranitidine and famotidine. These medications inhibit gastric acid secretion through different mechanisms, promoting ulcer healing. Adjusting your diet, avoiding spicy and greasy foods, and reducing your intake of caffeine and alcohol can help reduce the irritation of gastric acid on the duodenum.
4. Other factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and stress can also increase the risk of duodenal ulcers. Smoking reduces blood flow to the gastric mucosa, delaying ulcer healing; alcohol directly irritates the gastric mucosa and increases gastric acid secretion. It is recommended to quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption, maintain a regular sleep schedule, and engage in relaxation techniques such as yoga and meditation to relieve stress, which can help prevent ulcer recurrence.
Treatment of duodenal ulcers requires a comprehensive consideration of the underlying causes, employing targeted medication and lifestyle interventions. Eradicating Helicobacter pylori, reducing the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), controlling gastric acid secretion, and improving lifestyle habits can effectively promote ulcer healing and reduce the risk of recurrence. Patients should have regular follow-up appointments to monitor changes in their condition and adjust treatment plans promptly to ensure long-term health.