The main causes of acute leukemia in infants include genetic factors, environmental factors, physiological factors, and pathological factors. Specific treatment requires an individualized plan based on the cause and condition. Treatment methods for acute leukemia include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and stem cell transplantation. Early diagnosis and standardized treatment are crucial for prognosis.
1. Genetic factors: Some babies may have an increased risk of acute leukemia due to family-inherited gene mutations, such as Down syndrome or Fanconi anemia. Genetic testing can help identify high-risk individuals early.
2. Environmental factors: Exposure to chemicals such as benzene, pesticides, and radioactive substances during pregnancy or early infancy, or long-term exposure to polluted environments, may increase the probability of developing the disease. Avoiding contact with harmful substances is key to prevention.
3. Physiological factors: Abnormal immune function and chromosomal structural abnormalities, such as the Philadelphia chromosome, may induce leukemia. Regular physical examinations and immune function assessments are helpful for early intervention.
4. Pathological factors: Viral infections, immune system diseases, or other blood disorders may develop into acute leukemia. Timely treatment of the primary disease can reduce the risk of leukemia.
In terms of treatment, chemotherapy is the primary method, with commonly used drugs including cytarabine, vincristine, and cyclophosphamide. Radiotherapy is mostly used for local control or prevention of central nervous system leukemia. Targeted therapy, such as imatinib, is suitable for patients with specific gene mutations. Stem cell transplantation is an important option for radical treatment. Nutritional support, such as a high-protein diet, vitamin and mineral supplementation, and moderate exercise, helps improve immunity and prognosis.
The causes of acute leukemia in infants are complex and diverse, and treatment requires multidisciplinary collaboration. Early diagnosis and standardized treatment are key to improving survival rates.