The primary diagnostic method for anemia is a complete blood count (CBC). Combining this with symptoms and medical history is crucial in determining the underlying cause. Treatment requires medication, dietary adjustments, or surgery tailored to the specific cause. A CBC includes tests for hemoglobin, red blood cell count, and hematocrit; values below the normal range may indicate anemia. Analysis of the cause can focus on factors such as genetics, malnutrition, chronic diseases, and blood loss. Once a diagnosis is confirmed, treatment will depend on the cause, including iron supplements, vitamin supplements, dietary improvements, or treatment targeting the primary disease.
A complete blood count (CBC) is the primary method for diagnosing anemia. By measuring hemoglobin levels, red blood cell count, and hematocrit, doctors can make a preliminary assessment of whether anemia is present. The normal ranges for these indicators vary with age, sex, and physiological state; values below the standard require further investigation.
2. Causes of anemia include genetic factors, malnutrition, chronic diseases, and blood loss. Genetic factors such as thalassemia require genetic testing for diagnosis; iron deficiency anemia caused by malnutrition is relatively common and can be confirmed by testing serum iron and ferritin; chronic diseases such as kidney disease and tumors can also cause anemia, requiring examination of the primary disease; blood loss includes acute or chronic blood loss, which needs to be determined through medical history and imaging examinations.
3. Treatment methods for anemia vary depending on the cause. Iron deficiency anemia is commonly treated with oral iron supplements, such as ferrous sulfate and ferrous gluconate, supplemented with vitamin C to promote absorption; vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency anemia requires supplementation with appropriate preparations, such as methylcobalamin and folic acid tablets; severe anemia or anemia caused by chronic diseases may require blood transfusions; surgery is suitable for situations requiring surgical intervention, such as gastrointestinal bleeding. In daily life, increasing the intake of foods rich in iron, protein, and vitamins, such as red meat, leafy green vegetables, and legumes, can help improve anemia symptoms.
The diagnosis and treatment of anemia require identifying the cause. Through comprehensive analysis of blood routine tests, special examinations, and medical history, appropriate medications, dietary adjustments, or surgical treatments can be adopted for different causes to improve quality of life and health status.