Neonatal meningitis requires immediate medical attention. Symptoms include fever, vomiting, and seizures, and it may be caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. Treatment includes antibiotics, antiviral drugs, antifungal drugs, supportive therapy, and surgical drainage.
The causes of neonatal meningitis are complex, mainly including the following types. Bacterial infection is a common cause, such as group B streptococcus and Escherichia coli. Viral meningitis is mostly caused by enteroviruses or herpes simplex virus, while fungal infections are more common in infants with weakened immune systems. Besides infection, neonatal meningitis can also be caused by maternal transmission of infection during delivery or by improper postnatal care. Genetic factors may also increase the risk; certain congenital immunodeficiency or metabolic abnormalities make infants more susceptible to infection.
Symptoms of neonatal meningitis are diverse, and early manifestations may be atypical. Fever, feeding difficulties, and irritability are the most common symptoms. As the disease progresses, vomiting, seizures, and bulging fontanelles may occur. In severe cases, infants may experience altered consciousness, respiratory distress, or even shock. Parents need to closely monitor their infant's condition and seek medical attention immediately if any abnormalities are observed. Laboratory tests such as cerebrospinal fluid analysis, blood cultures, and imaging examinations are helpful in confirming the diagnosis.
Treatment for neonatal meningitis requires selecting appropriate medications based on the underlying cause. Bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics such as cefotaxime and ampicillin; viral infections with antiviral drugs such as acyclovir; and fungal infections with antifungal drugs such as fluconazole. Simultaneously, symptomatic and supportive treatments such as fluid replacement, antipyretics, and anticonvulsants are essential. For infants with increased intracranial pressure, surgical drainage may be necessary to alleviate symptoms. In terms of nursing care, keeping the infant calm, avoiding stimulation, and closely monitoring vital signs are also crucial.
Neonatal meningitis is a serious illness, and early identification and treatment are crucial. Parents should be vigilant and seek medical attention promptly if they notice any abnormal symptoms in their infants. They should actively cooperate with doctors in treatment to improve the cure rate and reduce the occurrence of sequelae.