Treatment for acute gastroenteritis in infants includes fluid replacement, dietary adjustments, and medication. The main causes are viral or bacterial infections or improper diet. Viral gastroenteritis is commonly caused by rotavirus and norovirus infections, while bacterial gastroenteritis is often caused by Salmonella and Escherichia coli. Improper diet includes consuming unclean food or excessive amounts of cold drinks.
1. Viral infection is a common cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants. Rotavirus and norovirus are the main pathogens, transmitted through the fecal-oral route or through contact with contaminated objects. Symptoms include diarrhea, vomiting, and fever. Treatment focuses on rehydration, using oral rehydration salts; intravenous rehydration may be necessary in severe cases.
2. Bacterial infections can also cause acute gastroenteritis. Bacteria such as Salmonella and E. coli can enter a baby's body through contaminated food or water, causing abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fever. Treatment requires antibiotics, such as amoxicillin or cephalosporins, while also ensuring adequate hydration and electrolyte replenishment.
3. Improper diet is another important cause. Consuming unclean food, excessive cold drinks, or raw or cold foods can irritate the gastrointestinal tract and cause inflammation. Treatment requires adjusting the diet, avoiding greasy and spicy foods, and choosing easily digestible foods such as rice porridge and noodles. If necessary, probiotics can be used to regulate the intestinal flora.
4. Other factors such as allergies or drug reactions can also lead to acute gastroenteritis. Certain food allergies or drug side effects may cause gastrointestinal discomfort. It is necessary to identify and avoid contact with allergens or discontinue the relevant medications in a timely manner. If necessary, antihistamines such as loratadine can be used.
Treatment for acute gastroenteritis in infants requires appropriate measures based on the specific cause. Fluid replacement, dietary adjustments, and medication are key. In severe cases, prompt medical attention is necessary to prevent dehydration and complications.