Patients with uremia caused by diabetes should choose low-protein, low-phosphorus, and low-potassium foods, such as winter melon, cabbage, and apples, while controlling blood sugar and blood pressure. Diabetic nephropathy is a common cause of uremia; long-term high blood sugar damages kidney function, leading to the ineffective excretion of metabolic waste. Dietary management is an important measure to slow the progression of the disease and needs to be combined with medication and lifestyle adjustments.
1. Low-protein diet: Protein metabolism produces nitrogenous waste, which increases the burden on the kidneys. It is recommended to choose high-quality protein, such as egg whites and milk, and control the daily intake to 0.6-0.8g/kg body weight. Avoid high-protein foods such as soy products and red meat.
2. Low-phosphorus diet: When kidney function declines, phosphorus excretion decreases, easily leading to hyperphosphatemia. Limit foods high in phosphorus, such as nuts, chocolate, and animal organs. Low-phosphorus vegetables such as winter melon, cucumber, and cabbage are acceptable.
3. Low-potassium diet: Uremia patients are prone to hyperkalemia and need to limit high-potassium foods such as bananas, oranges, and potatoes. Choose low-potassium fruits such as apples and pears, and vegetables such as lettuce and cabbage.
4. Control blood sugar: High blood sugar is the root cause of diabetic nephropathy. Follow diabetic dietary principles, control carbohydrate intake, and choose low-GI foods such as whole grains and legumes. Use hypoglycemic medications in conjunction with these measures to maintain stable blood sugar levels.
5. Control blood pressure: High blood pressure can accelerate the deterioration of kidney function. Limit sodium intake to no more than 3g per day. Choose foods rich in potassium and magnesium, such as celery and spinach, which can help lower blood pressure.
6. Supplement vitamins: Uremia patients are prone to vitamin deficiencies. Adequate supplementation with B vitamins and vitamin C can be obtained by consuming fresh fruits and vegetables.
Patients with uremia caused by diabetes need to adhere to long-term dietary management, combined with regular exercise, medication, and regular check-ups. Dietary adjustments should be individualized; it is recommended to develop a personalized dietary plan under the guidance of a nutritionist. Regular monitoring of indicators such as kidney function, blood sugar, and blood pressure is essential for timely adjustments to the treatment plan, slowing disease progression, and improving quality of life.