Pulmonary hypertension in infants requires immediate medical attention. It is a serious condition that can lead to heart failure and oxygen deprivation. Pulmonary hypertension refers to abnormally high pressure in the pulmonary arteries and can be caused by congenital heart disease, lung disease, or genetic factors. Treatment includes medication, surgery, and supportive care; early intervention helps improve prognosis.
1. The causes of pulmonary hypertension in infants are complex. Common causes include congenital heart diseases such as ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus, which cause blood shunting and increase pulmonary artery pressure. Lung diseases such as pneumonia and bronchopulmonary dysplasia can also lead to pulmonary hypertension. Genetic factors such as gene mutations may also increase the risk of developing the disease.
2. Drug therapy is a common treatment for pulmonary hypertension, including the use of vasodilators such as sildenafil and bosentan, which help lower pulmonary artery pressure. Diuretics such as furosemide can reduce fluid retention and lessen the burden on the heart. Anticoagulants such as warfarin can prevent thrombosis and reduce the risk of complications.
3. Surgical treatment is suitable for some patients, such as those with congenital heart disease, who can have their heart defects repaired and blood flow improved. For severe cases, lung transplantation or combined heart-lung transplantation may need to be considered. Interventional treatments such as balloon angioplasty can relieve symptoms and improve quality of life.
4. Supportive care is crucial for infants with pulmonary hypertension, including providing adequate oxygen support to maintain normal blood oxygen levels. Nutritional support, such as a high-calorie, high-protein diet, helps promote growth and development. Regular monitoring and follow-up can detect changes in the condition promptly and adjust the treatment plan accordingly.
Pulmonary hypertension in infants requires comprehensive treatment. Early diagnosis and intervention are key. Parents should pay close attention to their infant's health, seek medical attention promptly, and follow the doctor's advice for treatment and care to improve prognosis and quality of life.