Pathological casts should normally be zero in urine; their presence usually indicates an abnormality in the kidneys or urinary system. Treatment requires targeted intervention based on the specific cause, such as controlling infection, improving kidney function, or adjusting lifestyle.
1. The appearance of pathological casts is closely related to kidney diseases, commonly seen in glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, etc. When glomerular filtration function is impaired, substances such as proteins and cells in the blood enter the urine and form casts. Treatment needs to target the primary disease, such as using immunosuppressants to control inflammation, or using diuretics to improve edema symptoms.
2. Urinary tract infections can also lead to pathological casts, such as pyelonephritis or cystitis. Bacterial infection triggers an inflammatory response, increasing the number of white blood cells in the urine and forming white blood cell casts. Treatment mainly involves antibiotics, such as cephalosporins and quinolones, while also requiring increased fluid intake to promote urination and reduce bacterial retention.
3. Long-term hypertension or diabetes may damage renal tubular function, leading to the formation of casts. Controlling blood pressure and blood sugar is key, such as by using antihypertensive drugs like ACE inhibitors or hypoglycemic drugs like metformin. Regular monitoring of kidney function is also necessary to prevent further damage.
4. Dehydration or strenuous exercise can also temporarily cause concentrated urine and casts to appear. This usually doesn't require special treatment and will resolve with rehydration and rest. However, if it occurs frequently, it's necessary to consult a doctor to rule out underlying problems.
5. Diet and lifestyle have a significant impact on kidney health. A low-salt, low-fat diet is recommended, avoiding high protein intake to reduce the burden on the kidneys. Moderate exercise helps improve blood circulation, but overexertion should be avoided. Quitting smoking and limiting alcohol consumption are also important measures to protect the kidneys.
The presence of pathological casts is a warning sign of kidney or urinary system abnormalities, requiring prompt medical attention to determine the cause and implement targeted treatment. Through medication, lifestyle adjustments, and regular monitoring, the condition can be effectively controlled, and kidney function can be protected.