Symptoms and signs of renovascular hypertension include persistent high blood pressure, headache, blurred vision, fatigue, and abnormal kidney function. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve medication, interventional procedures, or surgery. Renovascular hypertension is caused by narrowing of the renal arteries, leading to reduced blood flow to the kidneys and subsequent activation of the renin-angiotensin system, resulting in elevated blood pressure. Genetic factors, atherosclerosis, and fibromuscular dysplasia can all contribute to renal artery stenosis. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for preventing complications.
1. Persistent hypertension: Patients with renovascular hypertension typically present with uncontrollable hypertension, which remains unsatisfactory even with the use of multiple antihypertensive drugs. Regular blood pressure monitoring and timely adjustments to the treatment plan are recommended. Drug treatment options include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), or calcium channel blockers (CCBs). Specific medications should be used under the guidance of a doctor.
2. Headache and blurred vision: High blood pressure can increase pressure in the blood vessels of the brain, causing headaches and blurred vision. Patients should avoid overexertion, maintain emotional stability, and use antihypertensive medication to relieve symptoms if necessary. A low-salt, low-fat diet is recommended, with plenty of potassium- and magnesium-rich foods such as bananas and spinach.
3. Fatigue and abnormal kidney function: Renovascular hypertension may lead to decreased kidney function, manifesting as fatigue, decreased urine output, or increased nocturia. Patients need to have their kidney function checked regularly, including serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and other indicators. Treatment options include medications that protect kidney function, such as ACEIs or ARBs, and, if necessary, renal artery interventional therapy or surgery.
The diagnosis and treatment of renovascular hypertension should be tailored to the individual patient's condition. Early intervention can effectively control the disease and prevent cardiovascular and renal complications. Patients should actively cooperate with their doctors, have regular check-ups, adjust their lifestyle, and maintain healthy habits.