Children with fever and meningitis require immediate medical attention. Symptoms include high fever, headache, vomiting, and neck stiffness. Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infection. Common pathogens include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae. Treatment involves antibiotics or antiviral drugs, such as ceftriaxone and acyclovir, depending on the pathogen. Symptomatic treatment, such as fever reducers, fluid replacement, and analgesics, is also necessary. Preventive measures include vaccination, maintaining personal hygiene, and avoiding contact with infected individuals.
1. High fever is a typical symptom of meningitis, with body temperature often exceeding 38.5°C, accompanied by chills. Antipyretic measures include physical cooling methods such as tepid water baths and medications such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen.
2. Headaches often manifest as persistent, severe headaches, accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Analgesics such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen can relieve headaches, but should be used under the guidance of a doctor.
3. Neck stiffness is an important sign of meningitis, characterized by neck rigidity and difficulty in bending. The Kernig's sign and Brudzinski's sign can be used to aid in diagnosis during examination.
4. Altered consciousness is a serious symptom of meningitis, such as drowsiness or coma. Immediate medical attention is necessary for a cerebrospinal fluid examination to confirm the diagnosis and to select appropriate treatment based on the pathogen.
5. Seizures are a complication of meningitis, manifesting as generalized or localized muscle spasms. Anticonvulsant drugs such as phenobarbital and diazepam can be used to control seizures, but should be used under the guidance of a doctor.
6. A rash is characteristic of meningococcal meningitis, appearing as purplish-red petechiae or ecchymoses. Immediate medical attention is necessary for blood culture and cerebrospinal fluid examination, and antibiotic treatment should be selected based on the pathogen.
7. Preventive measures include vaccination, such as meningococcal vaccine, pneumococcal vaccine, and influenza vaccine; maintaining personal hygiene, such as washing hands frequently and avoiding contact with infected persons; and strengthening immunity, such as through a balanced diet and moderate exercise.
Feverish meningitis in children is a serious infectious disease that requires immediate medical attention. With timely diagnosis and treatment, most children can fully recover. Preventive measures, including vaccination, maintaining personal hygiene, and strengthening immunity, can effectively reduce the risk of infection.