Skin rash is not a primary symptom of bacterial dysentery. Bacterial dysentery is caused by Shigella infection, and typical symptoms include fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, tenesmus, and bloody, mucous stools. Treatment primarily involves antibiotics, commonly including fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, and cephalosporins, while also requiring fluid replacement to prevent dehydration.
1. Typical symptoms of bacterial dysentery include fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, tenesmus, and bloody, mucous stools. These symptoms are related to Shigella infection of the intestinal mucosa and the resulting inflammatory response. Inflammation leads to increased intestinal motility and reduced water absorption, thus causing diarrhea and abdominal pain. Tenesmus refers to a strong urge to defecate, but a feeling of incomplete evacuation after defecation; this is a typical manifestation of inflammation of the rectum and sigmoid colon.
2. Common treatments for bacterial dysentery include fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, sulfonamides such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and cephalosporins such as ceftriaxone and cefotaxime. These drugs kill or inhibit the growth of Shigella by inhibiting bacterial DNA replication, protein synthesis, or cell wall synthesis. During treatment, appropriate antibiotics should be selected based on drug sensitivity testing results to avoid the development of drug resistance.
3. Rehydration therapy for bacterial dysentery includes oral rehydration salts (ORS) and intravenous rehydration. ORS contains glucose, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and sodium bicarbonate, and replenishes the water and electrolytes lost through diarrhea and vomiting. Intravenous rehydration is suitable for patients with severe dehydration or those unable to take oral fluids; commonly used fluids include normal saline and lactated Ringer's solution. The dosage and rate of rehydration should be adjusted according to the patient's degree of dehydration and electrolyte disturbances.
4. Prevention of bacterial dysentery includes paying attention to food hygiene, washing hands frequently, and avoiding contact with infected individuals. Food hygiene includes eating cooked food, not drinking unboiled water, and avoiding eating spoiled food. Frequent handwashing reduces bacterial contamination of hands, especially before eating and after using the toilet. Avoiding contact with infected individuals reduces the risk of infection, especially during disease outbreaks. Preventive measures need to be maintained long-term to reduce the risk of infection and transmission.
The main symptoms of bacterial dysentery do not include a rash; typical symptoms include fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, tenesmus, and bloody or mucous stools. Treatment primarily involves antibiotics, with commonly used drugs including fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, and cephalosporins. Fluid replacement therapy is also necessary to prevent dehydration. Preventive measures include maintaining good food hygiene, frequent handwashing, and avoiding contact with infected individuals; long-term adherence to these measures can reduce the risk of infection and transmission.