Moderate myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by neuromuscular transmission dysfunction, mainly manifested as muscle weakness and fatigue. Treatment includes medication, immunomodulation, and lifestyle modifications. Cholinesterase inhibitors such as pyridostigmine can improve symptoms, while immunosuppressants such as prednisone and azathioprine are used to modulate the immune response. Thymectomy is suitable for patients with thymic abnormalities. Lifestyle modifications include maintaining moderate exercise such as walking and yoga, avoiding overexertion, and increasing the intake of protein- and vitamin-rich foods such as fish and vegetables to help improve quality of life.
1. Cholinesterase inhibitors are the first-line drugs for treating moderate myasthenia gravis. They improve muscle contraction by increasing the concentration of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. Pyridostigmine is a commonly used drug, and the dosage needs to be adjusted according to the patient's condition. Common side effects include gastrointestinal discomfort and muscle twitching. It should be used under the guidance of a doctor.
2. Immunosuppressants are used to regulate abnormal immune responses and reduce the attack of autoantibodies on the neuromuscular junction. Prednisone is a commonly used glucocorticoid; long-term use requires attention to side effects such as osteoporosis and elevated blood sugar. Azathioprine and cyclosporine can also be used as alternatives or in combination.
3. Thymectomy is suitable for patients with thymoma or thymic hyperplasia. It involves surgically removing abnormal thymic tissue to reduce the production of autoantibodies. The surgery must be performed in a specialized hospital, and close monitoring of the patient's condition is necessary post-operatively, with medication as needed.
4. Moderate exercise helps increase muscle strength and endurance, improving quality of life. Walking and yoga are recommended forms of exercise. Avoid strenuous exercise and overexertion. Perform proper warm-up and cool-down exercises before and after exercise to prevent muscle injury.
5. Dietary adjustments have a positive effect on improving symptoms and strengthening the body. Increasing the intake of protein-rich foods such as fish, eggs, and beans helps with muscle repair and regeneration, while increasing the intake of vitamin-rich foods such as fresh vegetables and fruits enhances immunity and antioxidant capacity.
Patients with moderate myasthenia gravis need comprehensive treatment under the guidance of a doctor, combining medication, immune modulation, and lifestyle modifications to effectively improve symptoms and quality of life. Regular check-ups and disease monitoring are crucial aspects of treatment. Patients should maintain healthy lifestyle habits and a positive attitude, and cooperate with their doctor's treatment recommendations to gradually recover their health.