Treatment for pneumonia caused by viral influenza primarily involves antiviral medications, along with symptomatic treatment. Commonly used drugs include oseltamivir, peramivir, and ribavirin. Viral influenza typically develops into pneumonia due to viral invasion of the lower respiratory tract, leading to a worsening of lung inflammation, requiring timely intervention.
1. Antiviral drugs are the core of treatment for viral pneumonia. Oseltamivir is a neuraminidase inhibitor that effectively inhibits influenza virus replication and is suitable for pneumonia caused by influenza A and B viruses. Peramivir is an intravenously administered antiviral drug suitable for severely ill patients or those who cannot take oral medications. Ribavirin is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug effective against various respiratory viruses, but its potential side effects should be noted.
2. Symptomatic treatments can relieve symptoms. Antipyretics such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen can lower body temperature and relieve discomfort caused by fever. Cough suppressants such as dextromethorphan can inhibit the cough reflex and improve sleep quality. Expectorants such as ambroxol can thin sputum, promote expectoration, and reduce airway obstruction.
3. Supportive treatment aids recovery. Oxygen therapy is suitable for patients with hypoxemia and can be delivered via nasal cannula or mask to improve oxygenation. Fluid replacement therapy can correct dehydration and maintain electrolyte balance, especially suitable for patients with high fever or loss of appetite. Nutritional support, such as a high-protein diet and vitamin supplementation, can enhance immunity and promote recovery.
4. Preventive measures can reduce complications. Influenza vaccination is an effective way to prevent viral pneumonia, especially for the elderly and those with chronic diseases. Maintaining good hygiene habits, such as frequent handwashing and wearing masks, can reduce the risk of virus transmission. Avoiding sources of infection, such as avoiding crowded places, reduces the chance of infection.
Treatment of pneumonia caused by viral influenza requires the selection of antiviral drugs and symptomatic treatment based on the condition. At the same time, it is important to focus on supportive treatment and preventive measures. Seeking medical attention in a timely manner and taking medication as prescribed by the doctor are key to recovery.