Sedatives are contraindicated in patients with status asthmaticus who are abnormally agitated, as they may suppress the respiratory center and worsen the condition. Treatment should prioritize relieving airway spasm, improving ventilation, and controlling agitation.
1. Status asthmaticus is a severe acute exacerbation characterized by severe airway spasm and dyspnea, possibly accompanied by hypoxemia and hypercapnia. Abnormal agitation is a common manifestation of hypoxia and carbon dioxide retention and needs to be corrected promptly. Sedatives such as benzodiazepines may suppress the respiratory center, further worsening hypoxia and even leading to respiratory failure; therefore, they are contraindicated.
2. The core of treating status asthmaticus is relieving airway spasm and improving ventilation. Short-acting β2-receptor agonists such as salbutamol nebulized inhalation are the first-line treatment to rapidly dilate the bronchi. Intravenous injection of glucocorticoids such as methylprednisolone can reduce airway inflammation. For patients with severe hypoxia, oxygen therapy is necessary, and mechanical ventilation may be required if necessary.
3. Controlling agitation requires addressing hypoxia and carbon dioxide retention. Oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation are fundamental measures. If the patient remains agitated, low-dose anti-anxiety medications such as lorazepam may be used cautiously, but respiratory function must be closely monitored. Non-pharmacological methods such as reassurance and psychological counseling can also help alleviate anxiety.
4. The key to preventing status asthma is standardized treatment and avoidance of triggers. Patients should use inhaled corticosteroids long-term to control inflammation and avoid contact with allergens and irritants. Regular follow-up is essential to adjust the treatment plan and ensure disease stability. Patients should be educated to recognize the early symptoms of acute exacerbations and to use emergency medications promptly.
Sedatives are contraindicated in patients with persistent bronchial asthma who are abnormally agitated. Treatment should focus on relieving airway spasm and improving ventilation, while carefully managing agitation. Preventive measures include standardized treatment and avoiding triggers to ensure the stability of the condition.