The focus of treatment for Parkinson's syndrome is to relieve symptoms and slow disease progression. Commonly used drugs include levodopa, dopamine agonists, and MAO-B inhibitors. The cause is mainly related to the degeneration and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.
Parkinson's syndrome is a chronic, progressive neurological disorder primarily characterized by motor dysfunction and non-motor symptoms. Its causes may be related to genetics, environmental factors, physiological aging, and pathological changes.
1. Genetic factors: Some Parkinson's syndrome patients have a family history, and genetic mutations such as LRRK2 and PARKIN genes may increase the risk of developing the disease.
2. Environmental factors: Long-term exposure to chemicals such as pesticides and herbicides may be related to the onset of the disease, and head injuries may also increase the chances of developing the disease.
3. Physiological factors: With age, dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra gradually degenerate, leading to a decrease in dopamine secretion and affecting motor control.
4. Pathological changes: The core pathological change is the degeneration and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, which may be accompanied by the formation of Lewy bodies and neurofibrillary tangles.
Treatment options include medication, surgery, and rehabilitation training.
1. Drug treatment: Levodopa is the core drug, which can supplement dopamine; dopamine agonists such as pramipexole can mimic the effects of dopamine; MAO-B inhibitors such as selegiline can delay the breakdown of dopamine.
2. Surgical treatment: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) can improve motor symptoms; globus pallidus and thalamotomy are suitable for some patients.
3. Rehabilitation training: Physical therapy such as balance training and gait training can improve motor function; speech therapy helps alleviate articulation disorders; cognitive training can slow down the decline of cognitive function.
The diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's syndrome require individualized plans. Patients should have regular follow-ups and actively cooperate with rehabilitation training to maximize their quality of life.