Treatment for neonatal liver injury requires targeted measures based on the underlying cause. Common causes include infection, metabolic abnormalities, and biliary atresia. Treatment must be tailored to the specific cause.
1. Hereditary diseases
Certain genetic disorders can cause liver damage in newborns, such as alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency or hereditary tyrosinemia. These diseases affect normal liver function, leading to liver cell damage. Treatment options include using specific medications to control the condition after genetic testing confirms the diagnosis; for example, nitixinone is used for tyrosinemia. In severe cases, liver transplantation may be considered.
2. Infection
Viral or bacterial infections in newborns can lead to liver damage, such as cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B virus, or sepsis. These pathogens directly or indirectly damage liver cells, causing inflammation. Treatment involves antiviral drugs such as ganciclovir or antibiotics such as ampicillin, along with supportive care such as the hepatoprotective drug silymarin.
3. Metabolic abnormalities
Metabolic disorders such as galactosemia or glycogen storage disease can cause liver damage. These diseases lead to the accumulation of metabolic products in the liver, damaging liver cells. Treatment involves dietary adjustments; for example, children with galactosemia need to avoid dairy products. Medications such as vitamin B6 are used to assist metabolism, and in severe cases, liver transplantation may be necessary.
4. Biliary atresia
Biliary atresia is a congenital malformation that prevents bile from draining properly, leading to liver damage. Early diagnosis and surgical treatment are crucial, such as the Kasai procedure to reconstruct the bile duct. Postoperatively, long-term use of ursodeoxycholic acid is necessary to promote bile excretion and slow the progression of cirrhosis.
Treatment for neonatal liver injury requires targeted measures based on the specific cause. Early diagnosis and intervention are key to improving prognosis. Parents should closely observe the newborn's symptoms, seek medical attention promptly, and cooperate with the doctor's treatment.