Common complications of bacterial encephalitis in children include hydrocephalus, epilepsy, and intellectual disability. Timely treatment and prevention are crucial. Treatment methods include medication, surgical intervention, and rehabilitation training; specific measures need to be tailored to the individual child's condition.
1. Hydrocephalus is a common complication of bacterial encephalitis, caused by inflammation that obstructs cerebrospinal fluid circulation and increases intracranial pressure. Treatment includes using diuretics such as acetazolamide to reduce cerebrospinal fluid production. In severe cases, ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery may be necessary, and regular follow-up examinations are required to monitor changes in the condition.
2. Seizures are another common complication, caused by inflammatory damage to brain tissue that triggers abnormal electrical discharges. Antiepileptic drugs such as phenobarbital, carbamazepine, and sodium valproate are the main treatment methods, requiring long-term, regular medication with periodic dosage adjustments, and avoidance of triggering factors such as fatigue and infection.
3. Intellectual disability may be caused by brain cell damage resulting from encephalitis, affecting cognition and development. Rehabilitation training includes speech therapy, cognitive training, and physical therapy. Early intervention is more effective, and family support and an educational environment are crucial for the child's recovery.
Complications of bacterial encephalitis in children require comprehensive treatment, with drug therapy, surgical intervention, and rehabilitation training being the main methods. Early diagnosis and standardized treatment can effectively improve the prognosis. Parents should closely observe changes in their child's condition and seek medical attention promptly.