Asthma symptoms can be effectively controlled with proper treatment, reducing the frequency and severity of attacks, but it cannot be completely cured. Treatment methods include the use of bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, leukotriene modifiers, and other medications, while avoiding allergens and triggers.
1. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune system abnormalities. Genetic factors may increase the risk of developing the disease, while environmental factors such as air pollution, pollen, and dust mites can trigger or worsen symptoms. Immune system abnormalities cause the airways to become oversensitive to irritants, leading to recurrent episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and difficulty breathing.
2. Treatment for asthma primarily involves medication. Bronchodilators such as salbutamol and terbutaline can quickly relieve symptoms during acute attacks. Inhaled corticosteroids such as budesonide and fluticasone are the cornerstone of long-term control, reducing airway inflammation. Leukotriene modifiers such as montelukast can reduce the effects of inflammatory mediators, and are particularly suitable for patients with allergic asthma.
3. Avoiding contact with allergens is an important measure to prevent attacks. For those allergic to pollen or dust mites, air purifiers can be used, bedding should be washed regularly, and indoor cleanliness should be maintained. For those sensitive to air pollution, wearing a mask is recommended when outdoors.
4. Lifestyle modifications can also help control asthma symptoms. In terms of diet, increasing the intake of foods rich in vitamins C and E and Omega-3 fatty acids, such as citrus fruits, nuts, and deep-sea fish, can reduce inflammation. For exercise, choose gentle aerobic exercises such as walking or swimming, and avoid strenuous exercise that may trigger symptoms.
5. Psychological factors such as stress and anxiety may also trigger or worsen asthma. Therefore, maintaining emotional stability and learning relaxation techniques such as deep breathing or meditation can help reduce attacks.
Although asthma cannot be cured, quality of life can be significantly improved and the frequency and severity of attacks reduced through standardized treatment, avoiding triggers, and improving lifestyle. Patients are advised to have regular follow-up visits and adjust their treatment plans in a timely manner.