Treatment for right ventricular failure requires medication or surgery to address the underlying cause. Common signs include peripheral edema, jugular venous distension, and hepatomegaly. Right ventricular failure occurs when the right ventricle is unable to effectively pump blood, leading to obstruction of venous return in the systemic circulation. Common causes include pulmonary heart disease, left ventricular failure, and pulmonary hypertension.
1. Peripheral edema is a typical manifestation of right heart failure, mainly due to obstructed venous return, leading to fluid accumulation in the interstitial spaces, commonly seen in the lower extremities and ankles. Patients should restrict sodium intake to less than 2 grams per day, and use diuretics such as furosemide or hydrochlorothiazide to help eliminate excess fluid.
2. Jugular venous distension is another important sign of right heart failure, usually caused by increased right atrial pressure, leading to obstructed blood return from the jugular vein. Patients should monitor their heart rate regularly, avoid strenuous exercise, and, if necessary, use beta-blockers such as metoprolol or atenolol to reduce cardiac load.
3. Hepatomegaly is caused by right ventricular dysfunction leading to obstructed venous return from the liver, resulting in congestion and enlargement. Patients may experience right upper quadrant pain and abnormal liver function. Patients should avoid alcohol, adopt a low-fat diet, and, if necessary, use hepatoprotective drugs such as silymarin or ammonium glycyrrhizate.
Treatment for right ventricular dysfunction should be tailored to the individual patient's condition. Drug therapy includes diuretics, beta-blockers, and hepatoprotective medications. Surgical treatment may involve heart valve repair or pulmonary artery catheterization. Patients should have regular checkups, follow their doctor's instructions to adjust the treatment plan, maintain healthy lifestyle habits, and avoid overexertion and emotional fluctuations to improve prognosis and quality of life.