Treatment for viral encephalitis requires selection of antiviral drugs, symptomatic treatment, and supportive therapy based on the patient's condition. Common symptoms include fever, headache, vomiting, and altered consciousness. For pediatric patients, drug treatment should be approached with caution. Commonly used drugs include antiviral agents such as acyclovir and ganciclovir, combined with antipyretics and sedatives.
1. Symptoms of viral encephalitis are diverse. Early symptoms may include fever, headache, and fatigue, similar to those of a cold. As the disease progresses, children may experience neurological symptoms such as vomiting, drowsiness, confusion, and even seizures. Some children may also exhibit meningeal irritation signs such as neck stiffness and light sensitivity. The severity of symptoms depends on the type of virus, the site of infection, and individual differences.
2. Drug therapy is the primary treatment for viral encephalitis. Antiviral drugs should be administered promptly to diagnosed children. Acyclovir is the first-line drug for treating herpes simplex encephalitis; the dosage needs to be adjusted according to the child's weight and condition. Ganciclovir is suitable for cytomegalovirus encephalitis, and close monitoring of renal function is necessary. For children with fever, acetaminophen or ibuprofen can be used to reduce fever; for children with seizures, phenobarbital or diazepam should be used to control symptoms.
3. Supportive therapy is equally important in the treatment of viral encephalitis, ensuring adequate nutrition and hydration for the child. For children with impaired consciousness or difficulty swallowing, energy can be supplemented through nasogastric feeding or intravenous nutrition. Close monitoring of vital signs and maintenance of electrolyte balance are essential, with mechanical ventilation support provided if necessary. During the recovery period, physical therapy and speech therapy can be combined to promote the recovery of neurological function.
4. Preventing complications is crucial for the treatment of viral encephalitis. It is essential to be vigilant for serious complications such as increased intracranial pressure and cerebral edema. For children with increased intracranial pressure, mannitol or furosemide can be used to lower it. Children with cerebral edema require restricted fluid intake, and corticosteroids may be necessary. Simultaneously, it is crucial to prevent secondary infections such as pulmonary infections and pressure sores, maintain a clear airway, and regularly turn and pat the back.
Treatment of viral encephalitis requires multidisciplinary collaboration, with individualized treatment plans developed based on the child's specific condition. Parents need to closely monitor changes in their child's symptoms, seek medical attention promptly, administer medication as prescribed, and cooperate with the treatment plan. Simultaneously, attention should be paid to the child's care during the recovery period, with regular follow-up examinations to monitor the recovery of neurological function, and rehabilitation training as needed to promote the child's comprehensive recovery.