Adrenal tumors may indirectly affect heart function through abnormal hormone secretion, requiring timely medical attention and targeted treatment. Adrenal tumors are classified as functional and non-functional. Functional adrenal tumors may secrete excessive hormones, such as cortisol, aldosterone, or catecholamines. Abnormally elevated levels of these hormones can lead to heart problems such as hypertension, arrhythmia, or myocardial hypertrophy. Non-functional adrenal tumors usually do not directly affect the heart, but excessively large tumors may compress surrounding tissues, requiring evaluation based on the specific situation.
1. Functional adrenal tumors that secrete excessive cortisol may lead to Cushing's syndrome, characterized by high blood pressure, elevated blood sugar, and obesity. These factors increase the burden on the heart and may eventually lead to coronary heart disease or heart failure. Treatment involves surgical removal of the tumor, followed by postoperative monitoring of hormone levels and, if necessary, the use of medication for regulation.
2. Adrenal tumors that secrete excessive aldosterone can cause primary aldosteronism, leading to high blood pressure and low potassium levels, which may damage heart function in the long term. Treatment options include surgical removal or the use of aldosterone antagonists such as spironolactone to control symptoms.
3. Adrenal tumors with excessive catecholamine secretion may cause pheochromocytoma, leading to paroxysmal hypertension, palpitations, and headaches. In severe cases, it may induce myocardial infarction or arrhythmia. Treatment is mainly surgical resection, and alpha and beta receptor blockers are needed to control blood pressure and heart rate before surgery.
The impact of adrenal tumors on the heart varies depending on the type of tumor and hormone secretion. Once diagnosed, targeted treatment should be initiated as soon as possible, and cardiac function should be monitored regularly to prevent complications.