Hepatitis B virus is mainly transmitted through blood. When treating ruptured wounds of hepatitis B patients, immediate protective measures should be taken to avoid direct contact with blood and to clean the wound with disinfectants. Transmission routes of hepatitis B virus include blood, mother-to-child transmission, and sexual contact. Infection may occur if a wound is exposed to hepatitis B virus-infected blood.
1. Wound Treatment and Protection. When treating ruptured wounds of hepatitis B patients, always wear gloves and other protective equipment to avoid direct contact with blood. Rinse the wound with running water, then disinfect it with iodine solution, alcohol, or other disinfectants to ensure cleanliness. After treatment, properly dispose of contaminated gloves and other items, and thoroughly clean your hands.
2. Post-exposure prophylaxis. If a wound is exposed to hepatitis B virus-infected blood, preventative measures should be taken immediately. Unvaccinated individuals should receive hepatitis B immunoglobulin within 24 hours and be vaccinated against hepatitis B. Vaccinated individuals who have not developed antibodies should also receive hepatitis B immunoglobulin. Regular testing for hepatitis B surface antigen and antibodies is necessary after exposure to monitor for infection.
3. Transmission routes of hepatitis B virus. Hepatitis B virus is mainly transmitted through blood, mother-to-child transmission, and sexual contact. Blood transmission routes include blood transfusions, dialysis, injecting drugs, and the use of medical devices that have not been properly sterilized. Mother-to-child transmission occurs during childbirth, when the mother's blood enters the newborn's body. Sexual transmission occurs through the exchange of bodily fluids such as semen and vaginal secretions.
4. Hepatitis B virus prevention. The most effective way to prevent hepatitis B virus infection is through vaccination. The vaccine is usually administered within 24 hours of birth, requiring three doses. Antibody titers should be tested after vaccination to ensure sufficient protective antibodies are produced. In daily life, avoid unsafe sexual practices, do not share syringes, razors, or other items that may come into contact with blood, and strictly screen blood donors and blood products.
5. Symptoms and Treatment of Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Acute hepatitis B infection manifests as fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and jaundice. Chronic hepatitis B patients may experience abnormal liver function, discomfort in the liver area, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy. Current treatment for hepatitis B mainly includes antiviral drugs, immunomodulators, and hepatoprotective drugs. Antiviral drugs include entecavir, tenofovir, and lamivudine, which require long-term use. Liver transplantation may be necessary in some cases.
Hepatitis B virus transmission carries a high risk, necessitating preventative measures in daily life. In the event of exposure, immediate preventative measures and medical examination are crucial. Vaccination, avoiding high-risk behaviors, and adherence to prescribed treatment can effectively prevent and control hepatitis B virus infection, reducing the risk of complications.