Drug treatment for Cushing's syndrome includes ketoconazole, metoprolol, and mitotane, primarily used to control excessive cortisol secretion. Cushing's syndrome is caused by hyperadrenocortical function or pituitary adenoma leading to excessive cortisol secretion, and drug treatment is an important means of controlling symptoms.
1. Ketoconazole is an antifungal drug that reduces cortisol production by inhibiting the activity of cortisol synthase. It is suitable for patients with mild to moderate Cushing's syndrome. Common side effects include abnormal liver function and gastrointestinal discomfort, requiring regular monitoring of liver function.
2. Metoprolol is a cortisol synthesis inhibitor that reduces cortisol synthesis by blocking 11β-hydroxylase. It is suitable for patients before surgery or those who are not candidates for surgery. Common side effects include hypokalemia and hypertension, requiring monitoring of electrolytes and blood pressure.
3. Mitotan is an adrenocortical cytotoxic drug that reduces cortisol secretion by destroying adrenal cortical cells. It is indicated for patients with adrenocortical carcinoma or recurrent Cushing's syndrome. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and neurological symptoms. Regular monitoring of adrenal function is necessary.
Drug therapy is an important part of Cushing's syndrome management, but the appropriate drug should be selected according to the patient's specific condition, and the side effects and efficacy of the drug should be closely monitored. If necessary, it should be combined with surgical treatment or other treatment methods to achieve the best treatment results.