Typical symptoms of pyelonephritis include lower back pain, fever, and urinary tract irritation. Treatment requires targeted measures such as antibiotic therapy based on the underlying cause. Pyelonephritis is mainly caused by bacterial infection, with common pathogens including Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. Male patients may also have prostatitis, while female patients are more susceptible due to the anatomical structure of the urinary tract. Prompt medical attention is necessary during the acute phase, while long-term management is required during the chronic phase to prevent recurrence.
1. Lower back pain is a typical symptom of pyelonephritis, manifesting as persistent dull pain or tenderness in one or both sides of the lower back, which may radiate to the lower abdomen. The intensity of the pain is related to the severity of the inflammation and may worsen with activity. Patients can rest in bed and avoid strenuous exercise. They can also use pain medications such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen under the guidance of a doctor to relieve symptoms.
2. Fever is a common symptom of infectious diseases. Patients with pyelonephritis usually experience moderate to high fever, with body temperatures reaching 38.5-40℃. This is accompanied by systemic symptoms such as chills and fatigue. Treatment focuses on fighting the infection. Commonly used antibiotics include cephalosporins such as ceftriaxone, quinolones such as levofloxacin, and aminoglycosides such as amikacin. Simultaneously, physical cooling methods should be used, such as tepid sponging and applying ice packs.
3. Urinary tract irritation symptoms include urinary frequency, urgency, and dysuria. Patients may also experience difficulty urinating, increased nocturia, and in severe cases, hematuria or pyuria may occur. In addition to antibiotic treatment, it is recommended to drink plenty of water to increase urine output and promote bacterial excretion. If necessary, traditional Chinese medicine treatment can be used, such as herbs with heat-clearing and detoxifying effects, such as Lysimachia christinae and Plantago asiatica.
Treatment for pyelonephritis should involve a comprehensive approach targeting the underlying cause. During the acute phase, prompt medical attention is crucial, along with standardized antibiotic use, bed rest, and intravenous fluid therapy if necessary. In the chronic phase, prevention is paramount, including maintaining good personal hygiene, drinking plenty of water, avoiding prolonged sitting, and actively treating underlying diseases. Patients must adhere to their doctor's instructions for regular checkups to monitor changes in their condition and prevent complications. With timely and effective treatment and proper care, the prognosis for pyelonephritis is generally good, but the risk of chronicity should be noted.