The causes of nephrotic syndrome include a variety of factors such as genetics, environment, physiology, trauma, and pathology. Treatment requires measures such as medication, diet, and lifestyle adjustments based on the specific cause. Among genetic factors, certain gene mutations may lead to abnormal glomerular filtration function, such as Alport syndrome. Environmental factors, such as long-term exposure to heavy metals or chemicals, may damage kidney function. Among physiological factors, hypertension and diabetes are common triggers, and long-term uncontrolled conditions will increase the burden on the kidneys. Trauma, such as severe impacts or surgery, can also directly damage the kidneys. Among pathological factors, primary glomerular diseases such as membranous nephropathy, or secondary diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, can all lead to nephrotic syndrome.
Treatment options include medication such as prednisone, immunosuppressants such as cyclophosphamide, and diuretics such as furosemide to reduce edema and control proteinuria. Dietary adjustments involve limiting salt and protein intake, choosing low-sodium, high-quality protein foods such as chicken breast and fish. Lifestyle modifications include maintaining moderate exercise such as walking or yoga, avoiding overexertion, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol consumption, and regularly monitoring blood pressure and blood sugar. In severe cases, dialysis or kidney transplantation may be necessary.
Treatment options include medication such as prednisone, immunosuppressants such as cyclophosphamide, and diuretics such as furosemide to reduce edema and control proteinuria. Dietary adjustments involve limiting salt and protein intake, choosing low-sodium, high-quality protein foods such as chicken breast and fish. Lifestyle modifications include maintaining moderate exercise such as walking or yoga, avoiding overexertion, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol consumption, and regularly monitoring blood pressure and blood sugar. In severe cases, dialysis or kidney transplantation may be necessary.
The etiology of nephrotic syndrome is complex, and treatment needs to be individualized. Combining medication, diet and lifestyle adjustments, as well as regular follow-up and monitoring, are key to managing the disease.