The causes of glomerulonephritis are complex, involving multiple factors such as genetics, environment, physiology, trauma, and pathology. Treatment requires measures such as medication, diet, and lifestyle adjustments based on the specific cause.
1. Genetic factors: Some cases of glomerulonephritis are related to genetics; people with a family history of kidney disease have a higher risk. Gene mutations may lead to abnormalities in glomerular structure or function, increasing the probability of developing the disease. It is recommended that people with a family history undergo regular kidney function tests for early detection of abnormalities.
2. Environmental factors: Long-term exposure to harmful substances such as heavy metals, chemical solvents, or certain medications may damage the glomeruli. External environmental factors such as air pollution and water pollution may also induce the disease. Reducing exposure to harmful substances and improving the living environment can help lower the risk of disease.
3. Physiological factors: Chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes can lead to glomerular damage and cause nephritis. Obesity, hyperlipidemia, and other metabolic abnormalities may also increase the burden on the kidneys. Controlling underlying diseases and maintaining a healthy weight and blood lipid levels are crucial for preventing nephritis.
4. Trauma: Severe trauma or surgery can damage the glomeruli, leading to acute nephritis. Avoiding strenuous exercise or high-risk activities and reducing the occurrence of trauma can help protect kidney health.
5. Pathological factors: Infections such as streptococcal infection and viral hepatitis may trigger an immune response, leading to glomerular inflammation. Autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus may also affect the kidneys. Timely treatment of infections and control of autoimmune diseases play a positive role in preventing nephritis.
Treatment for glomerulonephritis requires a comprehensive approach based on the specific cause. Drug therapy includes antibiotics to control infection, immunosuppressants to regulate the immune response, and antihypertensive drugs to control blood pressure. Dietary adjustments include a low-salt, low-protein, and low-fat diet to reduce the burden on the kidneys. Lifestyle modifications such as quitting smoking and limiting alcohol consumption, engaging in moderate exercise, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help improve kidney health. Regular kidney function tests to detect and address abnormalities promptly are crucial aspects of managing nephritis.