The main changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in children with purulent meningitis are increased white blood cell count, elevated protein levels, and decreased glucose levels. Treatment requires timely administration of antibiotics and supportive therapy. CSF examination is crucial for diagnosis; a CSF sample is obtained through lumbar puncture, and its composition is analyzed.
1. Leukocytosis: The number of white blood cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with purulent meningitis is significantly increased, usually predominantly neutrophils. This is due to the inflammatory response triggered by bacterial infection, leading to the accumulation of white blood cells in the CSF. Treatment involves the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics such as ceftriaxone, vancomycin, and ampicillin to control the infection.
2. Elevated Protein Levels: Elevated protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid reflect disruption of the blood-brain barrier and the presence of an inflammatory response. The degree of protein elevation is related to the severity of the condition. Treatment, in addition to antibiotics, requires the use of glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone to reduce inflammation and protect brain tissue.
3. Decreased glucose: Decreased glucose levels in cerebrospinal fluid are due to increased glucose utilization caused by bacterial metabolism and inflammatory response. Low glucose levels are a typical manifestation of purulent meningitis. Treatment involves intravenous glucose supplementation to maintain blood sugar levels, while continuing antibiotics to control the infection.
Changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in children with purulent meningitis are important indicators for diagnosis and treatment. Timely CSF examination and appropriate treatment can effectively control the condition and reduce the occurrence of complications.