Medications used to treat childhood asthma include inhaled corticosteroids, long-acting beta-2 receptor agonists, and leukotriene modifiers. These medications relieve symptoms by controlling airway inflammation and dilating the bronchi. The development of asthma is closely related to genetics, environmental factors, allergen exposure, and respiratory infections.
1. Inhaled corticosteroids are the first-line treatment for asthma, effectively reducing airway inflammation. Commonly used medications include budesonide, fluticasone, and beclomethasone. These medications act directly on the airways through an inhaler, reducing systemic side effects.
2. Long-acting β2 receptor agonists such as salmeterol, formoterol, and indacaterol can continuously dilate the bronchi and improve lung function. These drugs are often used in combination with inhaled corticosteroids to enhance efficacy.
3. Leukotriene modifiers such as montelukast and zafirlukast reduce airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction by blocking the action of leukotrienes. These medications are suitable for patients who do not respond well to inhaled corticosteroids.
4. Short-acting β2 receptor agonists such as salbutamol and terbutaline are used to rapidly relieve symptoms during acute attacks. These drugs have a fast onset of action, but long-term use may lead to drug resistance.
5. Anticholinergic drugs, such as ipratropium bromide, reduce bronchoconstriction by blocking the action of acetylcholine. These drugs are usually used in combination with short-acting β2-receptor agonists for the treatment of acute attacks.
6. Immunomodulators such as omalizumab are suitable for patients with severe allergic asthma. These drugs reduce allergic reactions by blocking the action of IgE.
7. Environmental control is an important adjunct to the treatment of asthma, including avoiding exposure to allergens, keeping indoor air clean, and using air purifiers.
8. Regularly follow up and monitor lung function, adjust treatment plans accordingly, and ensure effective control of asthma. Educate parents and children on the correct use of medications and inhalers to improve treatment adherence.
Treating childhood asthma requires a comprehensive approach that considers medication, environmental control, and patient education. Through multifaceted interventions, symptoms can be effectively controlled and quality of life improved.