Treatment for ulcerative colitis requires the selection of medication or surgery based on the condition. Its causes may be related to genetics, immune abnormalities, environmental factors, intestinal flora imbalance, and psychological factors.
1. Genetic factors
Ulcerative colitis exhibits a certain degree of familial clustering, and studies have found that individuals carrying specific gene mutations have a higher risk of developing the disease. While genetic factors are immutable, understanding family medical history can aid in early screening and intervention.
2. Immune abnormalities
The immune system mistakenly attacks the intestinal mucosa, leading to chronic inflammation and ulcer formation. Immunosuppressants such as azathioprine and cyclosporine, and biologics such as infliximab, can modulate the immune response and alleviate symptoms.
3. Environmental factors
External factors such as diet, smoking, and medications may trigger or worsen the condition. High-fat, high-sugar diets may increase the risk; a low-fiber, easily digestible diet is recommended, such as white rice porridge, steamed fish, and cooked vegetables.
4. Intestinal flora imbalance
An imbalance in gut microbiota can exacerbate inflammatory responses. Probiotics such as lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, and Saccharomyces boulardii can help restore the balance of gut microbiota and improve gut health.
5. Psychological factors
Chronic stress and anxiety can trigger or worsen symptoms. Psychological counseling, meditation, and regular exercise such as yoga and walking can relieve stress and improve the condition.
The causes of ulcerative colitis are complex and require comprehensive prevention and treatment that considers genetic, immune, and environmental factors. Through multi-dimensional interventions such as medication, diet, and psychological adjustment, the condition can be effectively controlled and the quality of life improved.