Cough symptoms caused by a cold can be relieved by taking cough suppressants, expectorants, or antihistamines. The specific medication should be chosen based on the type and symptoms of the cough. Cold viruses cause inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, which irritates the trachea and bronchi, leading to coughing. Some patients may also experience increased sputum production or postnasal drip.
1. Cough suppressants are suitable for dry coughs without phlegm, such as dextromethorphan, pholcodone, or codeine. These medications relieve symptoms by suppressing the cough center. For children or pregnant women, dextromethorphan, which has a higher safety profile, is recommended.
2. Expectorants are suitable for coughs accompanied by thick sputum, such as ambroxol, acetylcysteine, or carbocysteine. These medications help expel sputum by thinning it or promoting ciliary movement. Drinking plenty of water while using expectorants helps to expel sputum.
3. Antihistamines are suitable for cough caused by postnasal drip, such as loratadine, cetirizine, or fexofenadine. These drugs relieve cough by reducing nasal secretions and inflammation. Antihistamines may cause drowsiness; avoid driving or operating machinery while taking these medications.
4. Traditional Chinese medicine preparations such as Chuanbei Loquat Syrup, Compound Licorice Tablets, or Honey-processed Chuanbei Loquat Syrup can also be used to relieve coughs. These medicines have the effects of moisturizing the lungs, relieving coughs, resolving phlegm, and relieving asthma. When using traditional Chinese medicine preparations, pay attention to the ingredients and avoid mixing them with other medications.
5. Lifestyle adjustments include keeping indoor air humid, avoiding irritating gases, drinking plenty of warm water, and getting adequate rest. Dietary recommendations include drinking honey water, pear soup, or lily porridge, which are good for the lungs. If the cough persists for more than two weeks or is accompanied by fever, chest pain, or other symptoms, seek medical attention promptly to rule out other illnesses.
Coughs caused by a cold usually disappear as cold symptoms subside. Appropriate medication and lifestyle adjustments can effectively relieve cough symptoms and promote recovery. If symptoms persist or worsen, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly for professional diagnosis and treatment.