Acute gastroenteritis in children usually recovers in 3-7 days. Treatment mainly involves fluid replacement, dietary adjustments, and medication. The cause is often a viral or bacterial infection.
1. Fluid replacement is crucial for treating acute gastroenteritis, especially preventing dehydration. Oral rehydration salts (ORS) are the first choice, replenishing fluids and electrolytes. For severely dehydrated children or those unable to take oral rehydration solutions, intravenous rehydration is necessary. The volume of fluid replacement is calculated based on weight and degree of dehydration: 50-100 ml per kilogram of body weight for mild dehydration and 100-150 ml per kilogram of body weight for moderate dehydration.
2. Adjusting your diet can help restore intestinal function. During the acute phase, solid foods can be temporarily suspended, and a light liquid diet can be given, such as rice water, thin porridge, and apple puree. After symptoms subside, gradually transition to semi-liquid and soft foods, avoiding high-fat, high-sugar, and irritating foods. Breastfed infants can continue breastfeeding, and formula-fed infants can temporarily switch to lactose-free formula.
3. Drug treatment should be selected based on the cause and symptoms. Viral gastroenteritis is mainly treated symptomatically, such as montmorillonite powder to protect the intestinal mucosa and probiotics to regulate the intestinal flora. Bacterial gastroenteritis requires antibiotics, such as amoxicillin and cefixime. Antiemetics such as domperidone can be used to relieve vomiting, but should be used under the guidance of a doctor.
4. Preventive measures include paying attention to food hygiene, avoiding raw or cold foods, and washing hands frequently. If someone in the household is infected, tableware and towels should be kept separate to prevent cross-infection. Rotavirus vaccination is an effective way to prevent viral gastroenteritis.
Most cases of acute gastroenteritis in children have a good prognosis, but close monitoring of the condition is necessary. If persistent high fever, severe dehydration, bloody stools, or lethargy occur, immediate medical attention is required. With proper treatment and care, children can recover within a few days.