Typical symptoms of myocardial ischemia include chest pain, shortness of breath, and palpitations, and in severe cases, it can lead to myocardial infarction. Treatment involves medication, surgery, and lifestyle modifications to relieve symptoms and improve blood supply to the heart. Myocardial ischemia is mainly caused by narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, and common causes include atherosclerosis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes.
1. Chest pain is the most common symptom of myocardial ischemia, manifesting as a feeling of pressure or angina in the chest, which may radiate to the left shoulder, back, or jaw. This pain usually worsens with physical activity or emotional excitement and can be relieved by rest or taking nitroglycerin. If chest pain persists, seek immediate medical attention to rule out the possibility of acute myocardial infarction.
2. Shortness of breath is another typical manifestation of myocardial ischemia. Patients may experience difficulty breathing, especially after activity. This is due to insufficient blood supply to the heart, leading to decreased pumping function and obstructed blood circulation in the lungs. Patients are advised to avoid strenuous exercise, maintain moderate activity, monitor blood oxygen saturation, and receive oxygen therapy if necessary.
3. Palpitations manifest as a rapid, irregular, or forceful heartbeat, which may be related to arrhythmias caused by myocardial ischemia. Patients should avoid caffeine and alcohol, maintain emotional stability, and take antiarrhythmic medications under the guidance of a doctor if necessary.
4. Treatment for myocardial ischemia includes medication, surgery, and lifestyle modifications. Common medications include nitroglycerin to dilate blood vessels, aspirin to inhibit platelets, and statins to lower blood lipids. Surgical treatments include coronary artery stenting and coronary artery bypass grafting, suitable for patients with severe stenosis or blockage. Lifestyle modifications include a low-salt, low-fat diet, smoking cessation and alcohol limitation, regular exercise, and weight control.
5. Prevention and daily management of myocardial ischemia are crucial. Regular checkups are essential to monitor blood pressure, blood lipids, and blood sugar levels, allowing for early detection and control of risk factors. A diet rich in fiber, such as whole grains, vegetables, and fruits, is important, while reducing the intake of saturated fats and cholesterol. Moderate exercise, such as walking, swimming, and yoga, helps improve cardiovascular health.
Myocardial ischemia is a chronic disease that requires long-term management. Patients should follow up with regular check-ups and adjust their treatment plans in a timely manner to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and improve their quality of life.