The main cause of oliguria in kidney failure is severely impaired kidney function, leading to reduced urine production. Treatment requires intervention based on the underlying cause, including medication, dialysis, or surgery, while also adjusting diet and lifestyle.
1. Impaired kidney function is the direct cause of oliguria (low urine output). In kidney failure, the glomerular filtration rate decreases, making it unable to effectively filter waste and excess water from the blood, leading to reduced urine volume. Acute kidney failure may be caused by severe infection, drug poisoning, or trauma, while chronic kidney failure is often related to long-term diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. Treatment should target the underlying disease, such as controlling blood sugar and blood pressure, or discontinuing nephrotoxic drugs.
2. Renal tubular dysfunction can also lead to oliguria. The renal tubules are responsible for reabsorbing water and electrolytes. If their function is impaired, the urine's ability to concentrate decreases, resulting in reduced urine output. Common causes include tubulointerstitial lesions and electrolyte imbalances. Treatment can improve the condition by supplementing electrolytes, using diuretics, or regulating acid-base balance.
3. Renal vascular disease is another important cause of oliguria. Renal artery stenosis or thrombosis can reduce blood flow to the kidneys, affecting urine production. Treatment may include vasodilators, anticoagulation therapy, and, if necessary, angioplasty or bypass surgery.
4. Dietary and lifestyle adjustments are crucial for improving oliguria symptoms. A low-salt, low-protein diet can reduce the burden on the kidneys, and adequate water intake helps maintain urine output. Avoid overexertion and infection, monitor kidney function indicators regularly, and adjust the treatment plan promptly.
Kidney failure with oliguria requires comprehensive treatment. Early intervention can slow disease progression and improve quality of life. Patients should actively cooperate with their doctors, have regular check-ups, and pay attention to daily care to maintain stable kidney function.