Treatment for infantile bronchiolitis requires tailored approaches based on the underlying cause. Common causes include viral infections, environmental factors, and physiological factors. Viruses are the primary trigger, while environmental irritants and the infant's immature respiratory system can also increase the risk.
1. Viral infection is the main cause of bronchiolitis in infants. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common pathogen, but other viruses such as influenza virus and adenovirus can also cause it. The virus is transmitted through droplets, causing respiratory inflammation and increased secretions after infection, leading to bronchial obstruction. Prevention measures include avoiding contact with infected individuals, frequent handwashing, and maintaining good indoor ventilation. For infected infants, nebulized bronchodilators or corticosteroids can be used to relieve symptoms.
2. Environmental factors such as air pollution, secondhand smoke, and cold air can irritate an infant's respiratory tract, increasing the risk of illness. Particulate matter and chemicals in the air can directly damage the respiratory mucosa, reducing local defense capabilities. Maintaining fresh indoor air, avoiding the use of chemical cleaners, and staying away from smoking environments are effective preventative measures. For infants who are already ill, air purifiers can be used to improve indoor air quality, and oxygen therapy may be necessary.
3. The infant's own physiological characteristics are also an important factor. Infants have narrower airways and less developed ciliary movement, making it difficult to expel secretions and prone to obstruction. Premature infants, low birth weight infants, and infants with congenital heart disease are more susceptible. Strengthening nutritional support, maintaining appropriate humidity, and regularly cleaning nasal secretions can help prevent this. For severely ill children, hospitalization may be necessary, including intravenous fluids, antibiotics, and respiratory support.
Prevention and treatment of infantile bronchiolitis require addressing three aspects: viral infection, environmental factors, and physiological characteristics. Parents should be vigilant, pay attention to daily precautions, and seek medical attention promptly upon noticing symptoms to prevent the condition from worsening. Through comprehensive measures, the risk of illness can be effectively reduced, promoting healthy growth in infants.