Treatment for heart failure requires a combination of medication, lifestyle modifications, and surgical intervention, taking into account the underlying cause. Common causes include hypertension, coronary artery disease, and cardiomyopathy. Medications include diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and beta-blockers. Lifestyle modifications include a low-sodium diet and moderate exercise. Surgical methods include cardiac resynchronization therapy and heart transplantation.
1. Hypertension is a common cause of heart failure. Long-term hypertension leads to increased cardiac load, myocardial hypertrophy, and ultimately, decreased heart function. Treatment requires controlling blood pressure. Commonly used medications include calcium channel blockers and diuretics. A low-salt diet is also recommended, with daily salt intake limited to less than 5 grams. Regular blood pressure monitoring and avoiding emotional fluctuations are also advised.
2. Coronary artery disease is another important cause of heart failure. Stenosis or blockage of the coronary arteries leads to myocardial ischemia, affecting heart function. Treatment includes drug therapy such as nitrates and antiplatelet drugs, lifestyle modifications such as quitting smoking and controlling weight, and surgical methods such as coronary artery bypass grafting and stent implantation.
3. Cardiomyopathy includes dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and its causes may be related to genetics and viral infections. Treatment depends on the specific type of cardiomyopathy, and medications may be selected, such as beta-blockers and antiarrhythmic drugs. Lifestyle modifications include avoiding strenuous exercise and regularly checking cardiac function. Surgical methods include cardiac resynchronization therapy and heart transplantation.
4. Valvular heart disease, such as mitral stenosis and aortic regurgitation, can lead to heart failure. Treatment includes medication such as diuretics and vasodilators, and surgical methods such as valve repair and valve replacement. Postoperatively, regular follow-up examinations of cardiac function are necessary to prevent infection.
5. Arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia may affect cardiac function. Treatment includes medication such as antiarrhythmic drugs and electrical cardioversion, lifestyle modifications such as avoiding caffeine and alcohol, and surgical methods such as radiofrequency ablation and implantable cardioverter defibrillators.
Treatment for heart failure requires medication, lifestyle adjustments, and surgical intervention based on the specific cause. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving prognosis. Regular check-ups are recommended to detect and address heart problems promptly.