How can hemophilia be prevented?
Hemophilia is a hereditary bleeding disorder, mainly caused by congenital factors that lead to insufficient production of clotting factors and resulting in clotting disorders. Its typical manifestation is bleeding after minor injuries, and recurrent joint bleeding is also a characteristic of the disease, most commonly in the knee joint, followed by the ankle, hip, elbow, wrist, and shoulder.
This disease is currently incurable. For a lifelong condition, treatment is limited to managing symptoms, such as blood transfusions or clotting factor infusions. The key is to strengthen daily care and prevention to reduce and avoid bleeding.
Currently, three types of hemophilia have been identified: hemophilia A, hemophilia B, and hemophilia C. Hemophilia A is caused by a deficiency of clotting factor m in the blood. Hemophilia B and hemophilia C are caused by deficiencies of clotting factor k and clotting factor α, respectively. These hemophilias all follow certain inheritance patterns. Hemophilia A and hemophilia B are X-linked recessive inheritance.
1. Patients and their families should have a full understanding of the disease. Relatives should give the patient enough care and love. The patient should cultivate self-confidence, independence, and a strong sense of self-reliance, take good care of themselves, and minimize the occurrence of the disease and improve their quality of life.
2. Prevention and care of bleeding
1. "Prevention and care for bleeding," with particular attention to avoiding trauma. When visiting a hospital, inform the doctor and nurses of your condition and try to avoid intramuscular injections. At home, take all necessary safety precautions and avoid using sharp tools such as needles, scissors, and knives.
2. Appropriate exercise, when there is no bleeding, can help reduce the recurrence of the disease. However, activity should be restricted during periods of active bleeding to avoid aggravating the bleeding.
3. When there is bleeding in the joint, the patient should lie in bed, immobilize the limb with a splint, place it in a functional position, restrict movement, apply local cold compresses, and wrap it with an elastic bandage. After the bleeding stops and the swelling and pain subside, appropriate joint movements can be performed to prevent deformity and stiffness caused by prolonged joint immobilization.
3. Patients with anemia who experience significant bleeding should receive enhanced anemia care.