Treatment for nephritis varies depending on the specific type and may include medication, dietary adjustments, and lifestyle modifications. Common causes include infection, autoimmune diseases, and drug reactions. Infectious nephritis is usually caused by bacteria or viruses and requires antibiotics or antiviral drugs; autoimmune nephritis, such as lupus nephritis, requires immunosuppressants; drug-induced nephritis requires discontinuation of the relevant medication and symptomatic treatment.
1. Genetic factors: Some types of nephritis, such as hereditary nephritis and Alport syndrome, are related to gene mutations, which may lead to abnormalities in the glomerular basement membrane structure. Genetic testing and genetic counseling are recommended, and kidney transplantation may be necessary in some cases.
2. Environmental factors: Long-term exposure to heavy metals, chemicals or radiation may damage the kidneys. It is recommended to avoid contact with harmful substances, have regular kidney function tests, and use chelating agents for treatment if necessary.
3. Physiological factors: Hypertension and diabetes are common causes of nephritis. It is necessary to control blood pressure and blood sugar, use antihypertensive drugs such as ACE inhibitors, hypoglycemic drugs such as metformin, and monitor kidney function regularly.
4. Trauma: Severe trauma may lead to acute kidney injury, requiring immediate medical attention, fluid resuscitation and kidney support treatment, and dialysis if necessary.
5. Pathological factors: Infections such as post-streptococcal nephritis require the use of antibiotics such as penicillin; autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus require the use of immunosuppressants such as cyclophosphamide; drug reactions such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs require discontinuation of the relevant drugs and the use of nephroprotective drugs.
Treatment and prevention of nephritis require consideration of multiple factors. Early diagnosis and intervention are key, while regular check-ups and a healthy lifestyle help reduce the risk of developing the disease.